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თევზის წარმოება შემცირდა - რა გამოწვევების წინაშე დგას აკვაკულტურის სექტორი?

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ივლისი 13, 2023
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აირჩიეთ პლეიერის სასურველი ზომა.

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საქართველოში თევზის წარმოება კვლავ ფრაგმენტულია და საწარმოო დონეზე განუვითარებელი რჩება. ოფიციალური მონაცემებით, აკვაკულტურის სექტორის 90% ფერმერულ მეურნეობებზე მოდის და ეს სტატუს-ქვო წლებია არ იცვლება. გასულ წელს ქვეყნის ტერიტორიაზე ტბორებსა თუ წყალსატევებში წარმოებული თევზის 61% სწორედ ოჯახურ მეურნეობებში იყო წარმოებული და თუ არ ჩავთვლით ზუთხისებრთა სახეობას, სადაც წარმოებული პროდუქციის 93% საწარმოებზე მოდის, ბაზარზე სხვა სახეობების მთავარი მიმწოდებლები საოჯახო მეურნეობები არიან.

საქართველოში თევზის მოხმარება მკვეთრად ჩამორჩება მაგალითად საშუალო ევროპულ მაჩვენებელს, რომ აღარაფერი ვთქვათ აზიაზე, სადაც თევზის მოხმარება 1 სულ მოსახლეზე 30-40 კგ-ს აღწევს. მოხმარების დაბალი მაჩვენებლის მიუხედავად, ადგილობრივად საჭირო თევზპროდუქტების მხოლოდ მცირე ნაწილი იწარმოება.

2022 წელს საქართველოში თევზის წარმოება შემცირდა. გასულ წელს ჯამურმა წარმოებამ 2 792 ტონა შეადგინა, რაც 69 ტონით ნაკლებია 2021 წლის რეკორდულ მაჩვენებელზე. თევზებს შორის ყველაზე გავრცელებული სახეობაა ცისარტყელა კალმახი. წარმოების უდიდესი წილი 92% სწორედ ორაგულისებთა და კობრისებთა ოჯახის თევზის წარმოებაზე მოდის.

ყველაზე დიდი რაოდენობით თევზის წარმოება კახეთში ხდება. რეგიონში ჯამურად 985 ტონა თევზი აწარმოოს. მაჩვენებლებით მეორე ადგილზეა შიდა ქართლი, სადაც 928 ტონა თევზი აწარმოეს. შემდეგ მოდის გურია, სამეგრელო, სამცხე ჯავახეთი, იმერეთი და აჭარა.

ამ ფონზე საკმაოდ მაღალია იმპორტი - მაგალითად 2022 წელს თითქმის 19 ათასი ტონა თევზის იმპორტი მოხდა, რისთვისაც ქვეყნიდან 48 მლნ დოლარი გავიდა. ექსპორტს თუ შევხედავთ, მხოლოდ 5 მლნ დოლარის 949 ტონა ახალი ან გაციებული, ან გაყინული თევზის ექსპორტი მოხდა.

რატომ ვერ ახერხებს ზღვის პირა და თან წყალუხვი ქვეყანა თევზის წარმოებას, რატომ ვერ ვითარდება თევზის მეურნეობები და რატომ არის იმ მცირე საწარმოებშიც კი დაბალი მწარმოებლურობა

სტუმარი: სოფო დიასამიძე - ორგანული აკვაკულტურის განვითარების ასოციაცია „ფორეჯის“ დამფუძნებელი;



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